Managing Dry Skin and Itchiness in Autumn and Winter

As the colder seasons approach, many people struggle with dry skin and itching. During this period, when humidity drops and cold winds arrive, the skin's stratum corneum can easily lose moisture, leading to itching. As we age, our skin's ability to retain moisture decreases, and the functions of the sebaceous and sweat glands decline, making dryness-induced itchiness more common in older adults. Therefore, using appropriate moisturizers and adopting proper skincare routines are essential for maintaining healthy skin during the winter months. Here are some effective methods to prevent itchiness and improve skin condition.

The Importance of Moisturizers and How to Choose Them

Moisturizers play a vital role in maintaining skin hydration and forming a protective barrier to prevent dryness. In the dry seasons, heavier, more hydrating cream formulations are more effective than the lighter lotions used during summer. Creams form a protective layer on the skin surface, preventing moisture evaporation and increasing the moisture content in the stratum corneum.

Main Ingredients and Functions of Moisturizers

• Emollients: Fill in gaps between skin cells to keep the skin texture smooth. They soften hardened skin and prevent moisture loss due to insufficient sebum.
• Humectants: Ingredients like glycerin, propylene glycol, and urea increase the moisture content in the stratum corneum and prevent skin dryness by drawing moisture from the environment and locking it in.
• Occlusives: Substances such as petroleum jelly, mineral oil, and jojoba oil create a thin oil barrier on the skin to minimize moisture loss and reinforce the skin barrier.
• Skin Barrier Repair Agents: Ingredients like ceramides strengthen the skin's protective layer and improve moisture retention. These components help repair damaged skin barriers, reduce moisture evaporation, and restore skin elasticity.

Applying cream consistently every morning and evening can help the skin recover quickly and reduce itching. Extra care should be given to areas prone to dryness, such as the arms and legs. Additionally, applying moisturizers while the skin is still slightly damp allows better absorption of moisturizing ingredients.

Shower Habits to Minimize Irritation

Maintaining skin moisture during the cold season also depends on shower habits. Using excessively hot water or overusing soap can damage the skin barrier and cause rapid moisture loss. It's not necessary to use soap on the entire body daily; rinsing with water alone can be sufficient for cleanliness.

Shower Tips

• Avoid using shower balls and exfoliating towels: They can damage the stratum corneum and worsen skin dryness. Overly stimulating the skin can damage its natural barrier, making it more sensitive to external factors.
• Use gentle soap: Opt for mild soap or cleansing products with skin-protective ingredients. Antibacterial or heavily fragranced soaps can irritate the skin and should be avoided.
• Take short showers: Prolonged showers can strip the skin of moisture, so limit shower time to within 10 minutes. Use lukewarm water, and after showering, gently pat the skin dry with a towel instead of rubbing.

Choosing the Right Sunscreen for the Season

Light formulations of sunscreen used in summer may dry out the skin during autumn and winter. For these seasons, it's better to choose a moisturizing cream-type sunscreen. Old sunscreens can separate into oil and other ingredients, potentially irritating the skin, so check the condition and replace them if needed.

Considerations for Sunscreen Selection

• Choose cream-based formulas: These provide additional hydration to prevent dryness. It's essential to look for products with moisturizing properties, not just SPF.
• UV protection: Check the SPF and PA ratings to ensure adequate UV protection. UVA and UVB protection is necessary even in the fall and winter months.

Lifestyle Habits to Prevent Itchiness

Dry skin is the most common cause of itchiness. To prevent and alleviate itchiness, consistent use of moisturizers and minimizing irritants are key. Avoid scratching or rubbing the skin when it feels itchy, as this can lead to more significant irritation.

Prevention and Relief Methods

• Maintain indoor humidity: Using a humidifier helps prevent skin dryness. Heating systems can dry out indoor air, so it's also helpful to ventilate the room periodically.
• Choose appropriate clothing: Wear cotton fabrics to minimize skin irritation. If your skin is sensitive, avoid synthetic or rough-textured clothing and opt for soft materials.
• Stay hydrated: Drinking enough water is vital for skin hydration. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of water daily to help improve overall skin health.
• Consistency in moisturizing: Apply moisturizers more than twice daily, especially after showering. Applying it before the skin is fully dry can help lock in moisture more effectively.

Ways to Prevent Scratching and Soothe Itchiness

Scratching can cause the skin to become red and irritated, leading to wounds or secondary infections. If the itchiness is severe, soothe the skin with a cold compress, and use anti-itch creams if necessary. If the symptoms persist, consult a dermatologist for further assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

Q1: How often should I apply moisturizer?
A1: At least twice a day, especially after showering. Applying additional moisturizer when feeling dry throughout the day is also effective.

Q2: What should I be careful of when using soap?
A2: Avoid using soap on the entire body daily. Choose mild soaps and rinse thoroughly after use. Select products with a pH suitable for the skin.

Q3: Should I use sunscreen in winter?
A3: Yes, UV rays are present in the fall and winter. Using sunscreen during outdoor activities is essential, as UVA can penetrate deeply even on cloudy days.

Q4: Is it unhygienic not to exfoliate?
A4: No, it is not. Washing with water alone can be sufficient, and excessive exfoliation can damage the skin barrier. Limiting exfoliation to once or twice a week is recommended.

Q5: What should I do when itchiness is severe?
A5: Apply sufficient moisturizer and avoid scratching. Soothe with a cold compress, and if symptoms persist, visit a dermatologist. Antihistamines may be taken if needed.

Q6: I find moisturizers sticky; what should I do?
A6: Try a less sticky cream formulation or wait for about five minutes after application to reduce discomfort. Choose a fast-absorbing moisturizer.

Q7: What is the ideal shower temperature in winter?
A7: Lukewarm water is best for the skin. Water that is too hot can damage the protective barrier. A temperature of about 37-38°C (98-100°F) is ideal.

Q8: What should I consider when choosing a moisturizer?
A8: Check for ingredients such as ceramides or glycerin to ensure the product provides sufficient hydration and skin barrier support.